Product Details
1,4-maleic-anhydride.html">material/1-4-dioxane.html">Dioxane is a hexahydroxy heterocyclic compound containing two oxygen heteroatoms. Its molecular formula is C4H8O2. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild ether‑like odor and is sensitive to light. Its vapor readily forms explosive peroxides by absorbing oxygen from air. The explosive limit is 1.7–25.2% by volume. Reducing agents should be used during distillation to eliminate peroxides. Melting point is 11.8 °C, boiling point is 101 °C (750 mmHg), density is 1.0337 (20/4 °C), refractive index is 1.4224, and flash point is 12 °C. It is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, and many other organic solvents. It forms an azeotrope with water (water content 18.6%) that boils at 87.8 °C. It turns bright yellow when reacting with tetranitromethane. Commercial grades often include a small amount of 2,6‑Di‑tert‑butyl‑4‑methylphenol (BHT) as a stabilizer. It has low acute toxicity; the oral LD50 in rats is 4200 mg/kg. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen and an irritant. 1,4‑Dioxane can be produced by sulfuric acid‑catalyzed dehydration of ethylene glycol and is a by‑product in ethylene oxide manufacturing. As a versatile organic solvent, it is widely used for cellulose acetate and numerous resins. Major applications include: extraction agent in pharmaceuticals; stabilizer in 1,1,1‑trichloroethane production; volatile solvent in polyurethane production (replacing dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran); stripping agent in coating and painting processes; solvent and dispersant in dye manufacturing; stabilizer in printing inks; and metal surface treatment agent. It is also used in cosmetics, fragrance production, electroplating, and other fields.
Parameters
| Property | Value |
| Melting point | 12 °C |
| Boiling point | 101 °C |
| density | 1.034 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| vapor density | 3 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 27 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.422(lit.) |
| Fp | 54 °F |
| storage temp. | room temp |
| solubility | Soluble in acetone, alcohol, benzene, and ether (Weast, 1986). Miscible with most organic solvents (Huntress and Mulliken, 1941) including 2-methylpropanol, toluene, cychexanone, and cyclopentanone. |
| form | Solution |
| color | APHA: ≤20 |
| Odor | Mild ether-like odor detectable at 0.8 to 172 ppm (mean = 12 ppm) |
| PH | 6-8 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| explosive limit | 1.7-25.2%(V) |
| Water Solubility | SOLUBLE |
| λmax | λ: 220 nm Amax: ≤0.70 λ: 235 nm Amax: ≤0.50 λ: 250 nm Amax: ≤0.20 λ: 270 nm Amax: ≤0.10 λ: 295-400 nm Amax: ≤0.01 |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,3300 |
| BRN | 102551 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 4.89(x 10-6 atm?m3/mol) (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) |
| Dielectric constant | 2.2（25℃） |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 25 ppm (≈90 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 100 ppm (MSHA and OSHA); carcinogenicity: Animal Sufficient Evidence (IARC). |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, oxygen, halogens, reducing agents, moisture. Highly flammable - note wide explosive range. May form explosive peroxides in storage (rate of formation increased by heating, evaporation or exposure to light). |
| InChIKey | RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | -0.42 at 20℃ |
| Surface tension | 32.71mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 123-91-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 11, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | 1,4-Dioxane(123-91-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | 1,4-Dioxane (123-91-1) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | 1,4-Dioxane (123-91-1) |
Safety Information
| Item | Details |
| Hazard Codes | Xn,F,T |
| Risk Statements | 45-46-11-36/38-48/23/24/25-65-66-40-36/37-19-41-37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-48/20/22-38-22-36/37/38-10 |
| Safety Statements | 9-16-36/37-46-45-53-7-62-26-24/25-23-S9-S46-S36/37-S16 |
| RIDADR | UN 1993 3/PG 2 |
| OEL | Ceiling: 1 ppm (3.6 mg/m3) [30-minute] |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | JG8225000 |
| F | 8 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 180 °C |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| HS Code | 29329990 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 123-91-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats (ml/kg): 5.7, 5.2 orally (Laug) |
| IDLA | 500 ppm |
Product Application of 1,4-Dioxane CAS#123-91-1
Industrial uses of 1,4‑dioxane are extensive. It serves as a solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, and selected dyes. It is used in paper, cotton, and textile processing and for many organic and inorganic compounds. It appears in automotive coolants, shampoos, and cosmetics as a degreasing component, and is used in paints and varnishes. Human exposure can occur occupationally via inhalation of workplace air or ingestion of contaminated drinking water. Additional industrial roles include solvent for celluloses, resins, lacquers, synthetic rubbers, adhesives, sealants, fats, oils, dyes, and protective coatings; stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and printing inks; wetting and dispersing agent in textile processing, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals; component in solvent extraction processes; and ingredient in detergent formulations.
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